Tags for automated location and monitoring of moveable objects and related systems

ABSTRACT

An example embodiment provides a method, including: receiving, at an identification tag associated with a moveable object and in a sleep state, a wake-up signal; waking, responsive to the wake-up signal, the identification tag; listening, while the identification tag is awake and at the identification tag, for a signal from at least one receiver, wherein the signal requests information regarding the identification tag; responsive to not receiving a signal, returning the identification tag to a sleep state after expiration of a back-off timer having a predetermined timer duration; and responsive to receiving a signal from at least one receiver, transmitting, to the least one receiver from an identification tag associated with a moveable object, information related to an environment surrounding the identification tag and information related to a location of the identification tag.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/054,238, filed on Aug. 3, 2018, entitled “Tagsfor Automated Location and Monitoring of Moveable Objects and RelatedSystems,” which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/879,048, filed on Jan. 24, 2018, entitled “Tags forAutomated Location and Monitoring of Moveable Objects and RelatedSystems,” which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/681,828, filed on Aug. 21, 2017, entitled “Tags forAutomated Location and Monitoring of Moveable Objects and RelatedSystems,” which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/350,534, filed on Nov. 14, 2016, entitled “Tags forAutomated Location and Monitoring of Moveable Objects and RelatedSystems,” which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/843,682, filed on Sep. 2, 2015, entitled “Tags for AutomatedLocation and Monitoring of Moveable Objects and Related Systems,” whichis a continuation of application of U.S. patent application Ser. U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/292,042, filed on May 30, 2014, entitled“Rotatable Tags for Automated Location and Monitoring of MoveableObjects and Related Systems,” which is a continuation of application ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/854,577, filed on Apr. 1, 2013,entitled “Rotatable Tags for Automated Location and Monitoring ofMoveable Objects and Related Systems,” which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/500,168, filed on Jul. 9, 2009, andentitled “Rotatable Tags for Automated Location and Monitoring ofMoveable Objects and Related Systems,” which claims priority toProvisional Application No. 61/079,645, filed Jul. 10, 2008 and entitled“Rotatable Transponders Having a Housing Within Visible Indicia,” thecontent of each prior application is incorporated herein by reference asif set forth in its entirety.

FIELD

This invention relates to tags and systems related to asset managementand, more particularly, to tags and systems for automated location andmonitoring of assets.

BACKGROUND

Asset management is becoming a major concern for companies, hospitals,schools, libraries and the like. In other words, as these institutionsbecome larger, it is becoming increasing difficult to manage thelocation of assets or resources, for example, high-value, mobile assetsor resources of which there is a limited quantity available, such asdefibrillators. Thus, when one of the many patients in the hospitalneeds a defibrillator, it is important that the hospital personnel beable to locate a defibrillator for the patient and ascertain its status,for example, in use, available, broken and the like, in a timely manner.Asset management issues may also arise in institutions other thanhospitals. For example, a large company may employ far more people thanit has portable computers. Thus, when one of the employees needs aportable computer for a business trip, it is important that the employeebe able to locate a portable computer and ascertain its status. However,as these institutions become larger, it may become increasinglydifficult to monitor the location and status of these high-value, mobileresources. Inefficient asset management can lead to over allocation offunds to purchase more of the limited resources than necessary.

Currently, asset management may include manual asset searches, i.e.,send a person to locate the asset, the use of bar codes affixed to theasset or the use of legacy radio frequency tags. However, each of thesemethods has drawbacks. For example, sending a person to locate anavailable device may be overly time consuming as well as unsuccessful.Affixing a barcode to the device may not provide any status information,may also be time consuming, unsuccessful and expensive. Legacy radiofrequency tags may not provide any device status information, may not bedesigned for a particular institutions environment, may be expensive anddisruptive to install.

A company by the name of Radianse, Inc., of Lawrence, Mass. hasattempted to provide a more practical solution to asset management in ahospital environment. Radianse provides indoor positioning solutions(IPS) for healthcare institutions. In particular, Radianse IPSs uselong-range active radio frequency identification (RFID) locationtechnology for location and association of people, places and things.Information is shared using web and interface standards such asextensible markup language (XML) and short message service (SMS), andRadianse receivers directly connect to a hospital's existing local areanetwork (LAN).

In particular, to track assets with a Radianse IPS, small,battery-powered transmitters (tags) are attached to mobile medicaldevices. The tags continuously transmit active RFID information andinfrared signals to Radianse receivers plugged into a hospital'sexisting LAN. The Radianse receivers are standalone devices that areinstalled in various places in the hospital environment. The RFIDinformation may be received by multiple receivers within a certainperimeter of the tag, but the infrared signal may only be received bythe receivers in the same room as the tag due to the nature of infrared.Web-based location software analyzes and displays on a computer screenthe exact location based on the RFID information and the infrared signalin real time. Data may also be stored for transfer to anystandards-based clinical or hospital information system.

Since the Radianse tag continuously transmits to a reader, the batterylife of the tag may only be from about a year to about 16 months, thus,tag replacement may be time consuming and costly. Furthermore, the useof infrared signals to pinpoint the exact location of the mobile medicaldevice may be unreliable as anything placed between the tag and thereceiver may block the receiver from receiving the infrared signal.Finally, the Radianse receivers are standalone devices that requireinstallation and integration with the hospital system, which may beburdensome and costly. Accordingly, improved methods of asset managementmay be desired.

SUMMARY

An embodiment provides a method, comprising: receiving, at anidentification tag associated with a moveable object and in a sleepstate, a wake-up signal; waking, responsive to the wake-up signal, theidentification tag; listening, while the identification tag is awake andat the identification tag, for a signal from at least one receiver,wherein the signal requests information regarding the identificationtag; responsive to not receiving a signal, returning the identificationtag to a sleep state after expiration of a back-off timer having apredetermined timer duration; and responsive to receiving a signal fromat least one receiver, transmitting, to the least one receiver from anidentification tag associated with a moveable object, informationrelated to an environment surrounding the identification tag andinformation related to a location of the identification tag.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a system according to someembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of rotatable tags according to someembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1C is a three-dimensional visualization illustrating a rotatabletag housing with a three-state indicator in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a head end and a three phasepower line according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a data processing system suitable for usein devices according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a hospital floor equipped with devices accordingto some embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 5 through 10 are flowcharts illustrating operations according tovarious embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a transponder with the window in placein accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-section illustrating an inner cylinder versus theouter cylinder of a transponder as if the indicia window was removed inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a front perspective environmental view including rotatabletags in an exemplary clinical use environment in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying figures, in which embodiments of theinvention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in manyalternate forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein.

Accordingly, while the invention is susceptible to various modificationsand alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit theinvention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, theinvention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternativesfalling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by theclaims. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the descriptionof the figures.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated selectivity features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other selectivity features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used hereinthe twin “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more ofthe associated listed items.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art andwill not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unlessexpressly so defined herein.

The present invention is described below with reference to blockdiagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of methods, systems, devicesand/or computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It is understood that each block of the block diagrams and/orflowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the blockdiagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computerprogram instructions. These computer program instructions may beprovided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purposecomputer, and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to producea machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processorof the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus,create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the blockdiagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including instructions whichimplement the function/act specified in the block diagrams and/orflowchart block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, the present invention may be embodied in hardware and/or insoftware (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.).Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computerprogram product comprising a computer-usable or computer-readablestorage medium having computer-usable or computer-readable program codeembodied in the medium for use by or in connection with an instructionexecution system. In the context of this document, a computer-usable orcomputer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example butnot limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagationmedium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of thecomputer-readable medium would include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber,and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). Note that thecomputer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper oranother suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as theprogram can be electronically captured, via, for instance, opticalscanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, orotherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then storedin a computer memory.

It should also be noted that in some alternate implementations, thefunctions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted inthe flowcharts. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in factbe executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/actsinvolved.

As discussed above, improved methods of asset management may be desired.Embodiments of the present invention that will be discussed with respectto FIGS. 1A through 13, provide methods, systems, devices and computerprogram products for providing location information associated with amobile device. As used herein, “location information” can refer to asingle response indicating the presence of a mobile device within acertain perimeter or a more in depth response including coordinates andsignal strength. “Presence information” may specifically refer to aresponse indicating the presence of a mobile device within a certainperimeter of a reader according to some embodiments of the presentinvention. As further used herein, a “mobile device” refers to a deviceor resource capable of being moved from one place to another. In someembodiments of the present invention, the mobile device may be a highvalue mobile asset such as a defibrillator or a laptop computer.However, it will be understood that mobile devices according to someembodiments of the present invention may include library books, filesand other lesser value resources without departing from the scope of thepresent invention. As discussed herein, methods, systems, devices andcomputer program products according to some embodiments of the presentinvention may address many of the short falls of conventional methods ofasset management.

Devices according to some embodiments of the present invention may beused in the context the RadarFind Real-Time Location System (RTLS). RTLSis a synchronous, real-time tracking system for the location and statusof capital assets. It is predominantly used in the healthcare industry,namely for tracking medical equipment and patients in hospitals,however, embodiments of the present invention are not limited totracking medical equipment.

Intrinsic to the system are tags, for example, rotatable tags ortransponders, that interact with other system devices and elements tocreate a signature of location. Other devices working in conjunctionwith these precisely timed transponders allow a database to collectinformation in order to calculate relevant position based on a complexseries of precisely timed events as discussed herein. The tags maintainlocal clocks synchronized to other system devices and therefore are ableto deliver more complex data to the RTLS as will be discussed furtherbelow.

Referring now to FIG. 1A, a system according to some embodiments of thepresent invention will be discussed. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, thesystem 100 includes a mobile device/resource 110, a reader 140, ahub/head end 150 and a computing device/server 160. Mobile devices 110may be, for example, high-value, portable hospital equipment, such as ahospital bed, an infusion pump, an SCD, an electrocardiogram (EKG)device, a pulse oximeter, a vital signs monitor, a hypothermia machine,a kangaroo pump, a neonatal ventilator or the like. It will beunderstood that although embodiments of the present invention will bediscussed with respect to hospital equipment and hospital environments,embodiments of the present invention are not limited to theseenvironments. For example, some embodiments of the present invention maybe used in, for example, school or corporate environments, to monitorthe status and location of portable computers, books, files and the likewithout departing from the scope of the present invention.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile device 110 includes arotatable tag 120, which is configured to communicate with the reader140 over a radio frequency RF link 105. It will be understood thatalthough link 105 is discussed herein as an RF link, embodiments of thepresent invention are not limited to this configuration. The link 105may be any type of communications link known to those having skill inthe art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The rotatable tag 120 is associated with a mobile device 110 and, insome embodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tag 120 isaffixed to the mobile device 110 as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 13. Therotatable tag 120 may be, for example, an identification tag that mayuse radio frequencies to communicate. Details with respect to the radiofrequency communications are known to those having skill in the art and,thus, only details specific to embodiments of the present invention willbe discussed in detail herein. However, as will be understood by thosehaving skill in the art, embodiments of the rotatable tag 120 are notlimited to identification tags using radio frequencies to communicate.

In some embodiments, the rotatable tag 120 is configured to receivesignals from the reader 140 and transmit signals to the reader 140 overthe RF link 105. The rotatable tag 120 is configured to transmitinformation responsive to a request from the reader 140. It will beunderstood that in some embodiments of the present invention, therotatable tag may just transmit or may transmit and receive(transponder) without departing from the scope of the present invention.Furthermore, the rotatable tag 220 can transmit autonomously,responsively or synchronously without departing from the scope of thepresent invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tag 120 isbattery powered. To conserve battery life, the rotatable tag 120 (tag)is in a sleep mode most of the time. Thus, the battery used in rotatabletags 120 according to some embodiments of the present invention may lastsignificantly longer than those of conventional tags. For example, thebattery life of a battery in a rotatable tag 120 according toembodiments of the present invention may be about 6 years or more.Accordingly, the cost of affixing rotatable tags 120 to mobile devices110 may be reduced as well as battery replacement costs.

In particular, the rotatable tag 120 is configured to periodically wakeup from the sleep mode and listen for a request (beacon signal), forexample, a request for presence information, from the reader 140. If therotatable tag 120 receives the request when it is awake, the rotatabletag 140 is configured to transmit the requested presence information tothe reader 140. In some embodiments of the present invention, therotatable tag 120 may be configured to have different levels of “awake”and “sleep.” In these embodiments of the present invention, therotatable tag 120 may be configured to fully awake before responding tothe request from the reader 140.

If, on the other hand, the rotatable tag 120 does not receive therequest within a predetermined period of time, the rotatable tag 120 mayreturn to sleep mode. The reader 140, which will be discussed furtherbelow, may be configured to transmit the request multiple times toensure that the rotatable tag 120 will receive the request when it isawake. As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the rotatable tag 120 mayinclude a timer 127. The timer may be, for example, a back-off timerwhich is configured to indicate how long the rotatable tag 120 can stayawake before going back to sleep. The timer 127 may be set to one ormore microseconds so as not to consume a lot of the battery life. Thetimer 127 may also be used for collision avoidance between similarlylocated rotatable tags 120. For example, if a first rotatable tag has aback-off tinier set to 2 microseconds (μs) and another rotatable tag mayhave a back-off timer of 4 μs, the likelihood that the information theyare transmitting to the reader 140 will intersect may be reduced.

The timer 127 may also be used to indicate when the rotatable tag 120should wake up. It will be understood that more than one tinier may beprovided without departing from the present invention. In other words,rotatable tags 120 may have more than one sleep mode. The rotatable tag120 may be configured to detect that it has not received a request fromthe reader 140 in a significant period of time, for example, ten minutesor more. This may occur when a mobile device 110 having the rotatabletag 120 affixed thereto is transported in an ambulance with a patientand is no longer within range of a reader. Once the rotatable tag 120realizes it has not received a request in a significant period of time,a value of the wake up timer may be increased so that the rotatable tagwakes up more infrequently, for example, every 3 minutes. This featuremay enable the battery life to be further increased.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the time atwhich the rotatable tag 120 will wake up may be determined randomlyusing, for example, time and frequency division multiplex control byprime coefficients for pseudo arbitrary channel efficiency or determinedat specific times, by use of a disciplined oscillator and time-slotassignments. Using this method may increase the likelihood that therotatable tag 120 and the request (beacon) from the reader 140 will notbe out of synch; i.e., decrease the likelihood that every time therotatable tag wakes up, the request has just come or is going to comeafter it goes to sleep. Thus, according to some embodiments of thepresent invention, the rotatable tag wakes up randomly and, therefore,the likelihood of the rotatable tag and the request being unsynchronizedmay be reduced.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the rotatable tag 120 may furtherinclude indicia 121 to indicate a state of the mobile device 110. Insome embodiments of the present invention, the indicia 121 may becolor-coded, which may allow detection of the state of the device fromacross the room, which may be useful when searching for an availabledevice. In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tagmay have a cylindrical shape as illustrated in FIG. 1B.

In some embodiments, the indicia 121 may include three portions, a redportion 122 may be red, which may indicate that the mobile device 110 isout of service, a blue portion 123, which may indicate that the mobiledevice 110 is in use and a green portion 125, which may indicate thatthe mobile device 110 is available or not in use. These colors may bevisible from across the room and, therefore, returning to the console todetermine the state of the mobile device 110 may not be necessary. Itwill be understood that although the indicia illustrated in FIG. 1Aincludes three states, embodiments of the present invention are notlimited to this configuration. Zero to two or four or more states may beindicated without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tag 120 maybe configured to operate on multiple frequencies. In other words, therotatable tag 120 is preloaded with different channel banks, A, B, C andso on. If the hospital happens to be using one frequency for anotheroperation, then the frequency on which the rotatable tag 120 receivesand/or transmits can be changed so as not to interfere with currenthospital frequency use. This feature may allow embodiments of thepresent invention to adapt to the hospitals' existing frequency and notto cause any disruption in the current operations thereof.

Referring now to FIG. 1B, some embodiments of the present invention aredirected to the cylindrical housing and rotatable exterior component ofthe tag 220. Although embodiments of the rotatable tag 220 discussedherein have a cylindrical housing, embodiments of the present inventionare not limited to this configuration. Some embodiments of the presentinvention provide a tag 220 having an external portion made of, forexample, plastic, generally in multiple, snap-together pieces. The tag220 may include, but is not limited to, a battery-powered electronicapparatus, a radio transceiver, and micro circuitry. A tag 220 inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention is affixed toa capital asset or object that is generally movable. The tag 220 can beaffixed to the movable object using any method known to those havingskill in the art. As illustrated in FIG. 13, an exemplary view of anenvironment in which the tags 220 can be used, by affixing the tags 1320to assets 1346, and then tracking the tag locations, the assets 1346 canbe located within the RTLS using communications between the tags 1320and the reader 1340.

Referring again to FIG. 1B, in some embodiments of the presentinvention, the tag 220 may be configured to indicate the use state ofthe object to which the tag 220 is affixed, generally through a switchor switches, which may be activated by pushing, turning, twisting orsliding one or more pieces of the tag housing to revealdifferent-colored/patterned indicia. Colors, form, and meaning of theindicia are subjective to each use case. For example, the differentpatterns/colors on the tag 220 may indicate that the object to which thetag 220 is affixed is in use, available, needs cleaning, needs serviceor the like.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the tag 220 may beconfigured to transmit information about itself and its surroundings. Inthese embodiments, the tag 220 may include sensors (128 FIG. 1), such astemperature sensors, motion sensors, humidity sensors, gas sensors,carbon monoxide sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes and the like. Thus,a tag in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention maybe placed in the helmet of a fireman and may be used to detect aposition of the fireman when he enters a fire scene. For example, thesensors in the tag may be used to indicate if the fireman is standing upor lying down inside the fire scene. If it is determined that thefireman is in distress, the tag 220 may be further used to locate thefireman in the fire scene.

FIG. 1B is a three-dimensional visualization illustrating a rotatabletag housing with a three-state indicator in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention. Although the rotatable tag of FIG.1B illustrates three states, embodiments of the present invention arenot limited to this configuration. The rotatable tags in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention may indicate any number ofstates without departing from the scope of the present invention, thenumber of which is only limited by how small a sliver can be made on thetag. This may be an advantage over conventional, for example,rectangular tags, on which there may be a practical limitation of to thenumber of states that can be shown.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a tag with a window 1190 in place inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 12 is across-section illustrating an inner cylinder 1291 versus the outercylinder 1292 of a tag as if the indicia window was removed inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1B and 11 through 12, the tag 220, 1120 and 1220may have a cylindrical shape, which may allow both local (visual) andremote (electronic) indication of the state of the attached device. Inother words, the rotatable tag 220, 1120 and 1220 is further configuredto indicate at least one state of the attached device such that the atleast one state of the attached device is discernable from a distance.

As illustrated, for example, in FIG. 2, the housing of the tag 220 mayinclude first and second portions. The first portion 234 may include atleast two different patterns A and B. As used herein, “patterns” referto patterns, colors or anything that can be used such that a differencebetween the slivers can be discerned by the eye. The second portion 235is configured to be placed on top of the first portion 234 and has atranslucent or transparent portion (1190 FIG. 11). The second portion235 is configured to rotate and reveal one of the at least two differentpatterns through the translucent portion 1190 of the second portion 235.In some embodiments, each of the at least two patterns is indicative ofa state of the object discussed above.

It will be understood that although FIG. 11 illustrates the secondportion 235 being a contiguous piece having a translucent portion 1190,embodiments of the present invention are not limited to thisconfiguration. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the second portion235 may be configured to have a wedged portion removed and to reveal thedifferent patterns through the wedged portion without departing from thescope of the present invention.

The cylindrical shape of the tags 220, 1120 and 1220 illustrated inFIGS. 1B, 11 and 12 may also allow the interior volume for theelectronics package to be increased, i.e., the form of the housing mayprovide an increased volume. As used herein, an “increased volume”refers to more volume than a conventional tag having a conventional formfactor and thus allowing more electronics to be included in the tagrelative to conventional tags. Furthermore, the contact area between thetag and the attached device may be reduced, i.e., the housing may occupya relatively small amount of surface area on the attached device. Asused herein, “relatively small amount of surface area” refers to lesssurface area than a conventional tag having a conventional form factor.The cylindrical shape may also provide the rotating capability to changeand reveal indicia as discussed above.

Rotatable tags 220, 1120 and 1220 are intrinsically safe such that theycan be used in an oxygen rich environment. Thus the tags 220 do not haveany exposed electrical contacts and, therefore, will not spark.Furthermore, the oxygen in the air will not ruin the tag or the tagcontact.

As discussed above, some embodiments of the present invention provide apackaging innovation for a tag that incorporates a cylindrical rotatingcomponent 235 and a fixed component 234. The rotating component sharesan axis with the fixed component, and the rotating component may includea feature 1190 that reveals a plurality of indicia. As discussed above,the indicia may be colored or patterned panels, or lights, or somecombination thereof without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

The cylindrical packaging according to some embodiments of the presentinvention may allow an interior container volume to be increased, whilereducing the surface area of the object to which the tag is attached.Increased interior volume enables more room for electronic circuitry,for power source or sources, antenna or antennas and the like relativeto conventional form factors. These internal electronics communicate viaat least radio signals, and communications include at least dataindicating a plurality of states that correspond to the rotationalposition of the packaging. Internal electronics also co-correspond tothe plurality of indicia on the package, or to the lack of and/or theindeterminate state of any rotational position information and/orindicia.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide data about the deviceto which it is connected or the vicinity in which the device is located.Such data may pertain to the use state of the attached device orvicinity.

Conventional tags may take up too much physical area on the attacheddevice because they are configured in inadequate geometric shapes andaspect ratios. For example, tags having a rectangular shape can be aninefficient use of space as it is not ideal for the volume of interiortag components. The form factor of the rotatable tag in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention may allow the volume of thetag to be increased or possibly maximized, while reducing or possiblyminimizing the amount of space the tag occupies on the device.

Other related devices have been miniaturized in various ways byconstraining the internal volume of space. Such form factors limit thecapabilities of internal electronics, constrain usability by peoplebased on the fixed minimum size of human fingers, and reduce the abilityto show indicia without consuming electrical power. Furthermore, theform factors and construction of related devices may inadvertentlycollect residual chemical and biological contaminants.

Tags according to some embodiments of the present invention may providea cylindrical form factor that reduces the possible contact area withthe item to which it is attached. Geometrically, a cylindrical shape mayachieve an increased volume above a surface. Devices in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention rotate in order to change orreveal the indicia. Although the outside shape of the tag might notappear to be a cylinder, the interior volume would appear as a cylinder,therefore the device rotates about its vertical axis. Furthermore, theability to clean devices in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention from residual chemical and biological contaminants mayalso be increased, as the tag may include a cylindrical solid andtherefore may be relatively easy to wipe off.

Use of tags in accordance with some embodiments of the present inventionmay enable the adopter to receive and utilize statistics on the use ofthe device to which the tag is attached. This statistical data may behighly valuable because it allows the adopter to discern the value ofthe assets to which the present invention is attached, and whether, forexample, to buy more or fewer of the devices based on usage anddevice-state patterns. The data generated by some embodiments of thepresent invention and system components may also ensure improvedutilization of capital assets because the assets are in the right placeat the right time and in suitable condition for use.

Adding efficiency to the delivery of health care has both economic andsocial implications. Hospital staff is better focused on improvedpatient care and mission critical services. Costs for the rental,purchase, and maintenance of hospital equipment are greatly reduced andmoney is saved.

Use of embodiments of the present invention and its location and statustracking system may be a tremendous asset to determine the utilizationof equipment and capital assets. By tracking the location and status ofmedical devices, users may know exactly when each medical device isbeing used, or if and why it is not being used. Users could possiblyemploy a smaller number of like devices and use them more frequently ormore thoroughly, thus receiving a greater return on investment based onusing capital assets more efficiently.

Some embodiments of the RTLS include the following attributes orfeatures: non-disruptive installation, coverage for entire facility,status tags, longest battery life for tags, tamper-resistant base withmultiple mounting options, telemetry monitoring, no interference withexisting WiFi networks, relatively easy to use, easily scalable, lowhospital IT impact, no interference with other systems in the hospital,display of real-time device status and location, interacts with existingdatabases and low total cost of ownership.

Referring again to FIG. 1, as discussed above, the rotatable tag 120communicates with the reader 140 (transcoder) over an RF link 105. Insome embodiments of the present invention, the reader 140 may transmitto the rotatable tag 120 using auto-synchronous on/off keying. This typeof communication signal typically requires very little processing andpower and, therefore, may further conserve the battery life of therotatable tag 140. Furthermore, in some embodiments of the presentinvention, the rotatable tag 120 may communicate with the reader 140using frequency shift keying. As discussed above, the reader 140 may beconfigured to transmit a request for presence information to therotatable tag 120 multiple times to ensure the reception of the requestat the rotatable tag 120 when the rotatable tag 120 is awake.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, readers 140 according to embodiments of thepresent invention are integrated with the existing infrastructure of thehospital. For example, the reader 140 of FIG. 1A is integrated with anon-critical outlet 130 already present in the hospital. Thus, readers140 according to embodiments of the present invention may use the powerlines 107 already present in the hospital and do not require acomplicated installation procedure. In other words, the housing, wiringand the like are already present in the hospital. The use of existinginfrastructure may significantly decrease the cost of implementing assetmanagement according to some embodiments of the present invention, whichis typically very important to the customer. It will be understood thatalthough embodiments of the present invention are illustrated as beingintegrated with power outlets, embodiments of the present invention arenot limited to this configuration. For example, a reader 140 may beintegrated in an Exit sign or any device having access to the powerlines or other resilient power source without departing from the scopeof the present invention.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the reader 140 may include atransmitter 141, a receiver 143, a memory 145 and an antenna 147. Thereader 140 is configured to communicate with the hub 150 over the powerlines 107. Thus, the reader 140 according to some embodiments of thepresent invention is configured to communicate with the rotatable tag120 over an RF link 105 and with the hub 150 over the power line 107.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the reader 140 is a layer2 processor, i.e. it may not be configured to process any informationreceived from the rotatable tag 120. Thus, the transmitter 141 of thereader 140 is configured to transmit a request for presence information(beacon signal) to the rotatable tag 120 and the receiver 143 of thereader 140 is configured to receive the presence information from therotatable tag 120 and store the information received in the memory 145.The memory 145 may be a first in first out (FIFO). The receiver 143 ofthe reader 140 may be further configured to receive a request for thestored information from the hub 150 over the power line 107 and thetransmitter 141 of the reader 140 may be further configured to transmitthe stored information to the hub 150 over the power line 107 responsiveto the request.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the presence informationmay be stored in the memory 145 with a time stamp. The time stampedinformation can be erased at will, which may aid in compliance withHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations.Thus, the information can be deleted and the actual time of deletion maybe recorded.

The reader 140 may only transmit information to the hub 150 in someembodiments upon request, for example, responsive to a poll from the hub150. In further embodiments the hub 150 communicates with the reader(s)140 via a radio frequency communications link. In some embodiments ofthe present invention, the information provided to the hub 150responsive to the poll may include a name of the reader, the temperatureat the reader, a current time, and a dump of all the information storedin the memory 145 (FIFO). The temperature may be provided as aprecautionary measure to possibly avoid, for example, long term circuitdamage or a fire. For example, if the temperature at the reader 140 iselevated, it may indicate a problem with the circuitry and, thus, may beaddressed before a larger problem arises.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a reader 140 may becoupled to a light source 149, for example, a light emitting diode, asillustrated in FIG. 1A. The light source 149 may be mounted outside theoutlet so as to be visible to hospital personnel. These particularreaders 140 may be mounted near ingress/egress points in the hospital toprovide an added level of security against, for example, theft of amobile device. In other words, these readers 140 may operate similar tosecurity tags provided on items sold in retail stores. For example, thereader 140 may be installed in an outlet and the light source 149 may bemounted in a visible location outside the outlet. Accordingly, ifsomeone tries to remove a mobile device 110 having an rotatable tag 120affixed thereto from the hospital, the light source 149 may beconfigured to flash to indicate that a mobile device 110 was beingremoved from the hospital. In some embodiments, an audible alarm mayalso be configured to sound. It will be understood that the light source149 is an optional feature of readers 140 according to embodiments ofthe present invention. However, all readers 140 may be capable ofoperating in conjunction with a light source 149 discussed above. Aperspective view of readers 140 integrated with an outlet 130 accordingto some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1C.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the reader 140 further includes anantenna 147. As discussed in the background of the invention,conventional tags use infrared signals to pinpoint a location of themobile device 110. However, this method may be very unreliable. Antennas147 according to embodiments of the present invention may allow thespecific location of the mobile device 110 to be pinpointed based onsignal strength, which may be much more reliable than infrared as signalstrength does not depend on a clear line of sight. In particular, asillustrated in FIG. 4, readers 140 may be positioned in multiplehospital rooms 410 through 490 on a single hallway 400. A mobile device110 having an rotatable tag 120 according to some embodiments of thepresent invention may be positioned in a hospital room 480 but may becloser to the reader 140 in hospital room 470. Using an antennaaccording to embodiments of the present invention having a definedrange, when the readers 140 send out requests (beacon signals) to therotatable tag(s) 120 and the rotatable tag(s) 120 respond, the signalstrength of the response will appear stronger to the reader 140 inhospital room 480 in which the device sits than to the reader 140 inhospital room 470. As used herein, a “defined range” refers to acontrolled range so as to allow the discovery of a mobile device withinthe defined range to indicate a location/presence of the mobile devicewithin a certain distance of the reader 140. Thus, according to someembodiments of the present invention signal strength may be used topinpoint the location of the mobile device 110, which may be morereliable than the use of infrared as discussed above. Signal processingis known to those having skill in the art and, therefore, the details ofthe signal processing will not be discussed further herein.

Referring again to FIG. 1A, as discussed above, the hub 150 communicateswith the reader(s) 140 over the power lines 107. The hub 150 may bepositioned in an electrical closet at the hospital. The hub 150 isconfigured to obtain stored information from the reader(s) 140. Thus,the server transmits a request for stored information to the reader(s)140 and receives the stored information from each of the readers 140. Asdiscussed above, the hub 150 may further receive a name of the reader140 in which the information was stored, a temperature around the readerand a current time. The hub 150 may store the received information in adatabase 165. Although the database 165 is illustrated as being a partof the computing device/server 160 in FIG. 1A, embodiments of thepresent invention are not limited to this configuration.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 and will be understood by those having skill inthe art, a power line 107 typically has three phases −120° (107′), 0°(107″) and 120° (107′″). Thus, outlets 130 and, therefore, readers 140integrated therewith, may be coupled to any one of the three phases107′, 107″ and 107′″ of the power line 107. The lines of each phase areisolated from starting loads on the other lines. As illustrated in FIG.2, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a power linemodem 270, 273 and 275 is placed on each of the three phases 107′, 107″and 107′″ of the power line 107. A request for stored information istransmitted from each of the power line modems 270, 273 and 275 at thesimultaneously, which may significantly reduce the crosstalk between thelines. It will be understood that transmission from each of the powerlines “simultaneously” refers to transmission at the same time plus orminus one or more phase differences. Furthermore, all of the readers 140may transmit a response to the request at the same time. As illustratedin FIG. 2, some of the lines have more readers 140 attached thereto thanothers. In particular, a first phase 170′ has a single reader 140attached thereto, a second phase 170″ has two readers 140 attachedthereto and the third phase 170′″ has four readers attached thereto.Thus, the lines having a smaller number of readers attached thereto haveto wait until the line with the most readers attached thereto hasreceived its last response before the process can be repeated. Asfurther illustrated in FIG. 2, the information from each of the readers140 may be stored in a database at the server 160 or at a computingdevice separate from the server 160. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, the server 160 is attached to the network clock so as toallow accurate timing of events.

Finally, as further illustrated in FIG. 1A, a computing device/server160 includes a user interface 163 and the database 165. Although thecomputer device and server are illustrated as one unit in FIG. 1A,embodiments of the present invention are not limited to thisconfiguration, these may be separate units without departing from thescope of the present invention. The database 165 may be customizedaccording to customer preferences. As further illustrated in FIG. 1A,the computing device/server 160 is configured to communicate with thehub 150 using, for example, an Ethernet connection. The user interface163 may include, for example, a graphical user interface (GUI). This GUTmay be used to locate the mobile device 110 that is needed by thehospital personnel. For example, the GUI may contain a list of all themobile devices 110 having rotatable tags 120 affixed thereto. The typeof device needed may be clicked on, which may then begin the processaccording to embodiments of the present invention for location of theneeded mobile device 110. In particular, the hub 150 may be asked topoll the readers 140 to determine the location of the mobile device 110.As discussed above, the stored information received from the reader(s)140 may be stored in the database 165 which may reside at the computingdevice/server 160.

It will be understood that although FIG. 1A includes a single mobiledevice 110 having an rotatable tag 120 affixed thereto, a single reader140 integrated with an outlet 130, a single a hub/head end 150 and asingle computing device/server 160, embodiments of the present inventionare not limited to this configuration. One or more of each of theseelements may be included in the system 100 without departing from thescope of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the system 100 according to some embodimentsof the present invention includes four elements, a database 165, a hub150 (head end), a reader 140 (transcoder) integrated with an outlet 130,and an rotatable tag 120 (identification tag) affixed to a mobile device110. Thus, systems according to some embodiments of the presentinvention combine Ethernet, power line, and RF communications.

Some embodiments of the present invention may use a voice XML sessionthat interacts with the XML text to implement various functionalities ofembodiments of the present invention. For example, hospital personneltrying to locate a mobile device 110 can call a device configuredaccording to embodiments of the present invention. When the devicereceives the call, the X, Y and Z coordinates of the hospital personnelmay be received as well as the extension from which they are calling.Thus, the positional information provided for the mobile device 110located for the hospital personnel will not only be where the mobiledevice is, but will be the closest available mobile device relative tothe hospital personnel's current position.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tag may onlybe configured to transmit presence information, i.e., in theseembodiments of the present invention, the rotatable tag may not receiverequests from the readers. Rotatable tags according to these embodimentsof the present invention may be configured to keep track of, forexample, a baby born at the hospital to reduce the likelihood that thebaby will be stolen from the neonatal unit. Accordingly, rotatable tagsaccording to these embodiments of the present invention may includethree frequency banks: “A” for the beacon (request), “B” for the beaconresponse (presence information), and “C” for the real time informationwith respect to patients and babies. It will be understood thatrotatable tags according to these embodiments of the present inventionmay used in conjunction with other objects and resources, for example,books in a library. Embodiments of the present invention may beconfigured to look for a particular tag (rotatable tag) and if therotatable tag is located an alert may be transmitted.

Although embodiments of the present invention are discussed herein ashaving readers 140 integrated with outlets 130, embodiments of thepresent invention are not limited to this configuration. For example,some embodiments of the present invention may be implemented without therotatable tag. In particular, the radio in the transcoder (reader) maybe replaced with different sensors, for example, microphones, spy chips,humidity sensors, temperature sensors, and the like. A spy chip may beused to locate electronic bugs in government buildings and the devicemay be configured to transmit an alert whenever a bug, a Bluetoothtransceiver or a cell phone that shouldn't be there is found. Theseembodiments of the present invention may also be configured to locatewhen and where the unwanted activity is happening so that it canpossibly be stopped.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a data processing system330, which may be included in devices, for example, computing device 160and hub 150, in accordance with some embodiments of the presentinvention. The data processing system 330 may include a user interface344, including, for example, input device(s) such as a keyboard orkeypad, a display, a speaker and/or microphone, and a memory 336 thatcommunicate with a processor 338. The data processing system 330 mayfurther include an I/O data port(s) 346 that also communicates with theprocessor 338. The I/O data ports 346 can be used to transferinformation between the data processing system 330 and another computersystem or a network using, for example, an Internet Protocol (IP)connection. These components may be conventional components such asthose used in many conventional data processing systems, which may beconfigured to operate as described herein.

The processor 338 can be any commercially available or customenterprise, application, personal, pervasive and/or embeddedmicroprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor or the like.The memory 336 may include any memory devices containing the softwareand data used to implement the functionality of the data processingsystem 330. The memory 336 can include, but is not limited to, thefollowing types of devices: ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory,SRAM, and DRAM.

Furthermore, the memory 336 may include several categories of softwareand data used in the system, for example, an operating system;application programs; input/output (I/O) device drivers; and data. Aswill be appreciated by those of skill in the art, the operating systemmay be any operating system suitable for use with a data processingsystem, such as OS/2, AIX or zOS from International Business MachinesCorporation, Armonk, N. Y., Windows95, Windows98, Windows2000 orWindowsXP, or Windows CE from Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.,Palm OS, Symbian OS, Cisco IOS, VxWorks, Unix or Linux. The I/O devicedrivers typically include software routines accessed through theoperating system by the application programs to communicate with devicessuch as the I/O data port(s) 346 and certain memory 336 components. Theapplication programs are illustrative of the programs that implement thevarious features of the system and preferably include at least oneapplication that supports operations according to embodiments of thepresent invention. Finally, the data may represent the static anddynamic data used by the application programs, the operating system, theI/O device drivers, and other software programs that may reside in thememory 336.

Operations according to various embodiments of the present inventionwill now be further described with reference to the flowchartillustrations of FIGS. 5 through 10. Referring first to FIG. 5, methodsfor providing location information associated with a mobile deviceaccording to some embodiments of the present invention will bediscussed. Operations begin at block 505 by receiving a request forpresence information at an rotatable tag associated with the mobiledevice. The request may be received over an RF link. The rotatable tagmay be, for example, an identification tag and the “presenceinformation” may be a response indicating the presence of the rotatabletag. It will be understood that in some embodiments of the presentinvention, the request may be for “location information”, which may be amore detailed response including location coordinates. The request orbeacon signal may be received from a reader, for example, a transcoder,within a predetermined proximity of the rotatable tag. The reader may beintegrated with the power outlets and communicate over the existingpower lines. The requested presence information may be provided to thereader responsive to the request for presence information (block 530).The requested information may be provided over the RF link.

Referring now to FIG. 6, methods for providing location informationassociated with a mobile device according to some embodiments of thepresent invention will be discussed. Operations begin at block 600 byselecting a frequency on which an rotatable tag according to embodimentsof the present invention will transmit and/or receive. The rotatable tagmay wake up from a sleep mode so as to allow the rotatable tag toreceive a request (block 605). Once the rotatable tag is awake, therotatable tag may listen for the request for presence information (block610). It is determined if a request for presence information has beenreceived from the reader at the rotatable tag within a predeterminedperiod of time when the rotatable tag was awake (block 615). In someembodiments of the present invention, the predetermined period of timemay be randomly determined and tracked by a timer included in therotatable tag. It will be understood that in some embodiments of thepresent invention the predetermined period of time may be increased ifthe request for presence information is not received within a secondpredetermined period of time, greater than the first predeterminedperiod of time.

If is it determined that a request has not been received (block 615),the rotatable tag returns to the sleep mode (block 620) and operationsreturn to block 605 and repeat until a request is received while therotatable tag is awake. If it is determined that the request has beenreceived (block 615), the requested information may be provided to thereader (block 630). Once the requested information has been provided(block 630), the rotatable tag is returned to sleep mode (block 620) andoperations return to block 605 and repeat until another request isreceived at the rotatable tag.

Referring now to FIG. 7, methods for providing location informationassociated with a mobile device according to further embodiments of thepresent invention will be discussed. Operations begin at block 705 bytransmitting a request for presence information associated with themobile device from a reader to an rotatable tag associated with themobile device. The reader may be integrated with an existing outlet andthe rotatable tag may be affixed to the mobile device. The requestedpresence information is received at the reader responsive to thetransmitted request from the rotatable tag affixed to the mobile device(block 715).

Referring now to FIG. 8, methods for providing location informationassociated with a mobile device according to some embodiments of thepresent invention will be discussed. Operations begin at block 805 bytransmitting a request for presence information associated with themobile device from a reader to an rotatable tag associated with themobile device. In some embodiments of the present invention, the requestfor presence information may be transmitted multiple times so as toallow receipt at the rotatable tag when the rotatable tag is awake.

The requested presence information is received at the reader responsiveto the transmitted request from the rotatable tag affixed to the mobiledevice (block 815). In some embodiments of the present invention, thereader may receive presence information from more than one rotatable tagresponsive to the request. In these embodiments of the presentinvention, signal strength may be used to determine the relevantrotatable tag from among the plurality of rotatable tags as discussedabove.

The received presence information may be stored at the reader (block820). In some embodiments of the present invention, the presenceinformation may be stored in a FIFO and a time stamp may be affixed toeach entry in the FIFO (block 830).

A request may be received, from a server, at the reader for the storedpresence information (block 840). The request may be received at thereader over the power lines. The stored presence information may betransmitted to the server from the reader responsive to the receivedrequest (block 850). The transmitted information may further include aname of the reader providing the stored information, a temperature ofthe environment in which the location sits and a current time.

Referring now to FIG. 9, methods for providing location informationassociated with a mobile device according to further embodiments of thepresent invention will be discussed. Operations begin at block 905 bytransmitting, from a server, a request for location information storedat one or more readers on one of three phases of a power line. In someembodiments of the present invention a power line modem is provided oneach of three phases of a power line. Each of the modems may beconfigured to transmit a request for stored location informationsimultaneously as discussed in detail with respect to FIG. 2. The storedlocation information may be received at the server on each of the threephases of the power line responsive to the transmitted request (block915).

Referring now to FIG. 10, methods for providing location informationassociated with a mobile device according to still further embodimentsof the present invention will be discussed. Operations begin at block1005 by receiving at an rotatable tag a request for presence informationassociated with the mobile device from a reader. The requested presenceinformation is received at the reader responsive to the request from therotatable tag affixed to the mobile device (block 1015). In someembodiments of the present invention, the reader may receive presenceinformation from more than one rotatable tag responsive to the request.In these embodiments of the present invention, signal strength may beused to determine the relevant rotatable tag from among the plurality ofrotatable tags as discussed above.

The received presence information may be stored at the reader (block1020). In some embodiments of the present invention, the presenceinformation may be stored in a FIFO and a time stamp may be affixed toeach entry in the FIFO (block 1030).

A request may be received, from a server, at the reader for the storedlocation/presence information (block 1040). The request may be receivedat the reader over the power lines. The stored location information maybe transmitted to the server from the reader responsive to the receivedrequest (block 1050). The transmitted information may further include aname of the reader providing the stored information, a temperature ofthe environment in which the location sits and a current time.

As discussed briefly above with respect to FIGS. 1A through 10, methods,systems, devices and computer program products according to someembodiments of the present invention may provide improved assetmanagement capabilities.

In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodimentsof the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, at anidentification tag associated with a moveable object and in a sleepstate, a wake-up signal; waking, responsive to the wake-up signal, theidentification tag; listening, while the identification tag is awake andat the identification tag, for a signal from at least one receiver,wherein the signal requests information regarding the identificationtag; responsive to not receiving a signal, returning the identificationtag to a sleep state after expiration of a back-off timer having apredetermined timer duration; and responsive to receiving a signal fromat least one receiver, transmitting, to the least one receiver from anidentification tag associated with a moveable object, informationrelated to an environment surrounding the identification tag andinformation related to a location of the identification tag.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the information related to an environmentcomprises at least one of: temperature, humidity, motion, gas levels,speed, direction, and position.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein theidentification tag comprises a rotatable tag.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the identification tag is affixed to the moveable object.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the wake-up signal is received in response toexpiration of a predetermined time period associated with a timer. 6.The method of claim 5, wherein responsive to not receiving a signalduring a wake period of the identification tag the predetermined timeperiod is increased.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the returning theidentification tag to a sleep mode is further responsive to notreceiving a signal within the predetermined timer duration.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the wake-up signal is provided randomly usingtime and frequency division multiplex control by prime coefficients. 9.The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting further comprisestransmitting information regarding a use state of the moveable object.10. The method of claim 9, wherein the use state of the moveable objectis determined from the identification tag.
 11. The method of claim 9,wherein the use state comprises available for use, in use, needscleaning and/or needs service.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein themoveable object comprises a hospital patient.
 13. The method of claim12, wherein the use state comprises a state of the patient.
 14. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the movable object comprises a piece ofhospital equipment.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the piece ofhospital equipment comprises an object selected from the groupconsisting of: hospital bed, infusion pump, electrocardiogram device,pulse oximeter, vital signs monitor, hypothermia machine, kangaroo pump,neonatal ventilator, and sequential compression device.
 16. The methodof claim 1, wherein the information related to an environment is derivedfrom at least one sensor of the identification tag.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one sensorselected from the group consisting of: a temperature sensor, a motionsensor, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, anaccelerometer, and a gyroscope.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein theat least one receiver comprises a receiver located in a hospital. 19.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one receiver and theidentification tag communicate over a radio frequency link.
 20. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the identification tag is configured tooperate on multiple radio frequencies.